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Is Napping Good for My Baby at 34 Weeks Pregnant

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Habitual midday napping is a common habit in Red china, especially for pregnant women. The purpose of this written report was to examine whether elapsing and frequency of maternal habitual midday napping were associated with high birthweight (HBW). A total of ten,482 participants from Good for you Baby Accomplice were include in our analysis. The information of the mothers and their infants were abstracted from medical records, or obtained from questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of habitual midday napping duration and frequency with HBW. Of the participants, viii,705 (83.0%) reported having habitual midday napping. Duration and frequency of napping had a positive association with HBW without aligning. After controlling for potential confounders, increasing risk of HBW was observed in participants who napped ane.5–2 hours (OR, ane.fifty, 95% CI, 1.14, i.98), and ≥2 hours (OR, 1.35, 95% CI, ane.03, 1.78) compared with no habitual midday napping. Participants who took naps ≥5 days/week had a higher adventure of HBW (OR, one.37, 95% CI, i.07, 1.77) compared with the women without naps. This suggests that longer (≥ane.v hours) and more frequent (≥5 days/week) maternal habitual midday napping were associated with an increased risk of HBW.

Introduction

Habitual midday napping is common practice in Prcone, typically taken after lunch and ranging from several minutes to several hours. Habitual midday napping is a cross-civilization phenomenon that occurs across a person's lifespan1,two,3. In Chinses society, midday napping is regarded as a health-promoting habit considering of a postulated "stress relief" machinery4. However, it as well has been regarded equally an early indicator of a diverseness of chronic conditions, such every bit diabetes and obesity5, half-dozen, and associated with higher morbidity and mortality4, 7.

Birthweight is a prenatal gene that has important effects on future wellness status8, and has long-term effect on organ and mental development9. High birthweight (HBW) is defined as a birthweight more than 4000 g, which is common in obstetrics and poses an increased risk of complications for both mothers and newborns10, 11. High birthweight is not only a cause of cesarean delivery, shoulder dystocia and perinatal trauma12, but likewise a take a chance gene for offspring overweight/obesityxiii, and developing diabetes, and cardiometabolic affliction in adulthood14,15,16.

Several maternal and fetal factors have been reported to be associated with birthweight, peculiarly maternal lifestyle during pregnancy like physical activeness, psychosocial stress, etc.17. Epidemiological studies accept suggested an clan between maternal night slumber practice and birthweight18. Nonetheless, the relationship between habitual midday napping and birthweight has not been explored. Habitual midday napping is practiced past all ages, beginning equally a childhood addiction in Chinav. A clearer picture of the wellness touch on of maternal habitual midday napping might thus be visible in such a setting.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the human relationship between maternal habitual midday napping duration and frequency and the prevalence of HBW.

Results

The descriptive characteristics of 10,482 participants are shown in Table 1, stratified by HBW. Maternal historic period, pedagogy, employment during pregnancy, passive smoking condition, parity, concrete activity, night slumber duration and household income per year were like betwixt HBW and normal birthweight. Participants who had college pre-pregnancy body mass alphabetize (BMI), delivered a baby boy or were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were more than likely to have a HBW babe (P < 0.05).

Tabular array 1 The characteristics of report participants of 10,482 women past HBW.

Full size table

The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for HBW according to habitual midday napping duration are shown in Tabular array 2. Relatively few participants reported no habitual midday napping (17.0%), while 30.7% reported more than 2 hours of habitual midday napping. Longer habitual midday napping was significantly associated with an increased risk of HBW. Without whatever aligning, the ORs (95% CIs) for HBW comparing no habitual midday napping (reference) were 1.36 (95% CI, one.03, 1.79) for the participants who took habitual midday naps less than 1.5 hours, 1.47 (95% CI, 1.12, 1.92) for 1.five–2 hours, and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.02, ane.74) for more than ii hours. Later on aligning for maternal age, infant sexual practice, gestational age, pre-pregnancy BMI, yearly household income, parity, education, passive smoking, and GDM, the ORs (95% CIs) were one.50 (95% CI, 1.14, one.98) and 1.35 (95% CI, i.03, 1.78) for habitual midday napping for 1.5–2 hours and ≥2 hours, respectively, compared with the participants who never had habitual midday naps.

Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted odd ratios (95%CI) for HBW by maternal habitual midday napping duration.

Full size table

As shown in Tabular array three, 64.0% participants reported that they had habitual midday naps more than than five days per week; 12.one% took such naps 3 to iv days and 7.0% took them 1–2 days per week. The results of the unadjusted model indicated that more frequent habitual midday napping (≥v days/week) was related to an increased risk for HBW (OR, i.39, 95% CI, one.09, i.78). The adjusted model controlled for potential confounders (maternal historic period, infant sex, gestational age, pre-pregnancy BMI, yearly household income, parity, educational activity, passive smoking, and GDM) also showed similar results (OR, 1.37, 95% CI, 1.07, one.77). The rate of HBW for the participants who had habitual midday napping 1–2 and 3–iv days/week were numerically but not significantly college compared with the participants who never had.

Tabular array 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odd ratios (95%CI) for HBW by maternal habitual midday napping frequency.

Full size table

Discussion

In the present study, we found that longer (≥one.5 hours) and more than frequent (≥5 days/week) maternal habitual midday napping was associated with an increased chance of HBW. To the best of our knowledge, this is the starting time study to investigate the association of maternal habitual midday napping with HBW in Mainland china.

No previous studies have assessed the association between maternal habitual midday napping and birthweight. However, maternal slumber blueprint have been reported to be related to fetal growth. Previous studies had reported that maternal short nighttime sleep is associated with a college risk of preterm birth and large-for-gestational-age neonates19, twenty. Maternal sleep practice (including snoring and supine sleep) also has been involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birthweight and stillbirthxviii.

The machinery underlying the clan betwixt habitual midday napping duration and HBW is unclear. Habitual midday napping could affect several potential inter-related slumber and circadian mechanisms21, which might influence multiple physiological functions, especially metabolic and endocrine functions22. Excessive habitual midday napping enhances the release of endogenous glucocorticoid secretion, which may increase the body'due south resistance to insulin23. Maternal insulin resistance could increase glucose availability to the fetus and the take a chance of fetal overgrowth24, 25. Xu et al. reported that regardless of night sleep elapsing, long habitual midday napping (>1 h) was associated with high run a risk of diabetes26. Like results were too establish in pregnant women27. Izci et al. observed a positive association (OR ane.64; 95% CI, i.00–2.68) between the loftier glucose challenge examination and longer self-reported habitual midday napping duration in early pregnancy in a instance-control study27. Moreover, habitual midday napping might influence the sleep/wake cycles, cause excessive hormone fluctuation, and disrupt the regulation of glucose metabolism and appetite28; and above all could contribute to the human relationship between maternal habitual midday napping and HBW12.

Evidence from epidemiological studies indicated that longer habitual midday napping was independently associated with obesity29, which is besides a strong and independent risk gene of HBWthirty. Longer habitual midday napping may reduce concrete activeness31, thermogenesis and daily energy consumption, which is an alternative mechanism that could cause obesity32. Additionally the obese mothers had nearly double the run a risk of HBW compared with that of the normal weight mothers33. In a population-based study, Shi et al. institute that maternal overweight was significantly associated with HBW after adjusting for maternal age and gestational weeks34.

In that location are several limitations in the nowadays written report that deserve acknowledgement. First, the duration and frequency of habitual midday napping were cocky-reported and not measured in our study. Further studies should utilize actigraphy or other objective measures. Second, although longer and more than frequent habitual midday napping was shown to be associated with a higher take a chance of HBW, causal and temporal sequence association could non be inferred due to the cantankerous-sectional pattern. Third, nosotros only asked the participants almost their habitual midday napping for one month before commitment, non for the unabridged pregnancy. Thus, the conclusion of our report may non exist generalized to the earlier pregnancy period. Finally, information nigh confounders affecting habitual midday napping and HBW (such as dietary, psychological factors) were non measured in the present study, which might event in balance confounding.

In summary, these results propose that women taking long and regular habitual midday naps take a college risk for HBW, only the mechanism underlying this association is uncertain. These findings could take clinical implications for possible preventative steps. Encouraging significant women to have a rational duration and frequency of habitual midday napping might be an intervention to reduce the chance of HBW.

Methods

Study participants

This report used data from the prospective Good for you Baby Cohort (HBC). This ongoing cohort enrolls participants at Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Heart for Women and Children in Hubei province, China. The participants had been asked to participate in the cohort study and consummate a face up-to-face interview when they gave nascency at the hospital. The recruitment started in November 2012. The eligibility criteria for participants are every bit follows: 1) residence in the study areas at the fourth dimension of the recruitment period with an expectation to reside continually in these areas for the foreseeable hereafter; and two) ability to sympathize and complete the questionnaire.

Of the eleven,311 eligible participants, we excluded women whose information on habitual midday napping or baby birthweight were missing (n = 373). We also excluded the subjects whose infant birthweight was less than 2500 one thousand (n = 456). The final study sample included 10, 482 participants.

Ideals Statement

Signed informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health, Tongji Medical Higher, Huazhong Academy of Science and Applied science, and the Women & Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan. All the methods in the nowadays report were carried out in accord with the canonical guidelines.

Information collection

Cess of habitual midday napping duration and frequency

Habitual midday napping frequency was assessed past request "How many times a week did yous take a midday nap over the past month?" Those who had a habit of taking a midday nap were further asked nigh elapsing. We categorized habitual midday napping frequency into 4 groups: never, ane–2 times per week, three–4 times per week, and v–7 times per week. Habitual midday napping elapsing was divided into never, <1.5 hours, 1.5–two hours, and ≥2 hours.

Assessment of high birthweight

Infant birthweight was abstracted from medical records. Birthweight greater than 4000 g was defined as HBW.

Cess of covariates

Demographic information on maternal age, education (e.g., less than loftier school, high school, more loftier school), employment (e.g., employed or unemployed during pregnancy), and yearly household income (e.one thousand., less than 50,000, 50,000–, ≥100,000 Yuan) was collected by contiguous interview. Lifestyle information on night sleep elapsing (due east.g., <7, vii–, ≥8 hours), passive smoking during pregnancy, and physical activity (e.1000., never, not every day, every day) were also obtained by questionnaires. Passive smokers were defined as those exposed to passive smoking for more than xv minutes per day during pregnancy. Data of parity, infant sexual practice, gestational historic period and diagnosis of GDM were abstracted from medical records. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated using the self-reported weight (kg) divided by measured peak (m2).

Statistical assay

Categorical data were summarized every bit proportion (%) and normally distributed data were summarized as mean ± SD. Differences between groups were analyzed with Student's t-test for ordinarily distributed data and χ2 tests for chiselled variables. We used HBW and normal birthweight as the dependent variables in the multivariate logistic regression-model, and calculated the ORs and 95% CIs. We used women who never took habitual midday naps as the reference category, and examined the association between habitual midday napping elapsing and frequency with HBW. Covariates included maternal age, gestational historic period, infant sex, pre-pregnancy BMI, household income, parity, education, GDM and passive smoking during pregnancy. After diagnosis of collinearity, all of these covariates were acceptable to adjust in the logistic model (tolerance: 0.754–0.998). All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software (version 17.0). Associations were considered significant at P < 0.05.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Basic Research Programme of People's republic of china (973 program) (2012CB722401), the National Natural Scientific discipline Foundation of Cathay (21437002, 81030051, 81372959, 81402649).

Author data

Affiliations

  1. Department of Maternal and Kid Health, Schoolhouse of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Scientific discipline and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China

    Xiaoxuan Zheng, Lina Zhang, Lijun Shen, Lulu Song, Hui Li, Bingqing Liu & Youjie Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Surround and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Central Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Wellness, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China

    Yuanyuan Li, Wei Xia & Shunqing Xu

  3. Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of Red china

    Bin Zhang

Contributions

X.Z. and Y.W. contributed to the conception and design of the work. X.Z. contributed to drafting the initial manuscript, and preparing the tables. X.Z., L.South. and 50.Southward. contributed to the assay and interpretation of information for the work. Y.Westward., X.Z., 50.Southward., L.South., West.X., Y.L., S.Ten., B.Z., and L.Z. contributed to the critical revision of the article. W.10., Y.L., Due south.X., B.Z., H.L., 50.Z. and B.L. contributed to the acquisition of data for the work. All authors reviewed the manuscripts.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Youjie Wang.

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The authors declare that they take no competing interests.

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Zheng, X., Zhang, L., Shen, L. et al. Maternal Habitual Midday Napping Duration and Frequency are Associated with High Birthweight. Sci Rep 7, 10564 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09683-3

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